Smile evolution in the social media era: a longitudinal analysis of Miss Italia winners (1982-2025)

Marco Schirripa; Lorenzo Silenzi Ederli; Eda Fani; Ernesto Buonanno; Beatrice Marzo; Sabina Saccomanno

doi:10.59987/ads/2026.2.507-516

Vol. 17 No. 2 (2026)

DOI: 10.59987/ads/2026.2.507-516

Articles

2026-06-30

Smile evolution in the social media era: a longitudinal analysis of Miss Italia winners (1982-2025)

Marco Schirripa, Lorenzo Silenzi Ederli, Eda Fani, Ernesto Buonanno, Beatrice Marzo, Sabina Saccomanno

Keywords: Smile aesthetics; Social media; Facial Action Coding System; Artificial intelligence; Dental exposure; Beauty pageants; Digital aesthetics.

Abstract

Background: The smile is a key determinant of facial aesthetics and plays a crucial role in dental evaluation and social perception [1,2,9,11,18,20].

Objective: This study aimed to investigate longitudinal changes in smile characteristics among Miss Italia winners from 1982 to 2025, in relation to the evolution of social media environments [10,24,25].

Materials and Methods: 44 subjects were analyzed and divided into pre-social-media (1982-2003) and social-media (2004-2025) cohorts. Smile parameters were assessed using an artificial intelligence-assisted system based on the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) [21,23]. Composite indices were calculated and statistically compared [27,28].

Results: The 2004-2025 group showed significantly higher smile intensity, dental exposure, and AU12 activation (p < 0.001), with large effect sizes (Cohen's d > 1.2).

Conclusions: These findings suggest a longitudinal shift toward more expressive and dentally prominent posed smiles among Miss Italia winners. This pattern may reflect changes in visual culture and media representation; however, causal links with social media exposure or orthodontic treatment cannot be established from the present retrospective design [24,25].

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Authors

Marco Schirripa - Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, Postgraduate School of Orthodontics, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy

Lorenzo Silenzi Ederli - Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, Postgraduate School of Orthodontics, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy

Eda Fani - Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.

Ernesto Buonanno - 1. Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, Postgraduate School of Orthodontics, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy

Beatrice Marzo - Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, Degree course in Dentistry, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.

Sabina Saccomanno - Department of Life Science, Health and Health Professions, Link University, Rome, Italy

License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, provided appropriate credit is given to the original author(s) and source, a link to the license is provided, and any changes made are indicated.

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How to Cite

Schirripa, M., Silenzi Ederli, L., Fani, E., Buonanno, E., Marzo, B., & Saccomanno, S. (2026). Smile evolution in the social media era: a longitudinal analysis of Miss Italia winners (1982-2025). Annali Di Stomatologia, 17(2), 507–516. https://doi.org/10.59987/ads/2026.2.507-516

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