Present and future of nickel-titanium in endodontics
Authors
Dario Di Nardo
Abstract
This editorial discusses the present role and future perspectives of nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments in endodontics. Owing to their superelasticity, shape-memory behavior, and biocompatibility, NiTi alloys have significantly improved root canal shaping, particularly in curved canals, reducing procedural time and enhancing safety compared with stainless-steel instruments. However, important challenges remain, including cyclic fatigue, torsional overload, instrument separation, and variability in clinical performance.
Recent advances have focused on alloy processing, thermal treatments, cross-sectional design, metal mass reduction, and motion kinematics, all of which influence flexibility, fatigue resistance, cutting efficiency, and overall safety. Current evidence suggests that improved metallurgical control and innovative geometries may enhance instrument performance, although possible trade-offs with debris removal, torsional strength, and cutting dynamics must be carefully considered.
Future developments are likely to involve surface functionalization, nanoengineered coatings, more clinically relevant in vitro–in vivo correlations, and better standardization of testing protocols. In addition, the effects of reuse, sterilization, and operating parameters such as torque and motion require further clarification. Overall, NiTi remains the reference material for contemporary endodontic instrumentation, and ongoing research is expected to further improve its reliability, durability, and clinical safety.
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